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OSE Galaxy
Reports · Africa

🇸🇿 Eswatini

Available on custom request

Available on custom request. The ecosystem is mapped at baseline level on Expert — live figures below.

71
Total actors
329
OSE quality score
27 %
with funding
7 %
with hosting
Live data · Eswatini
71
OSE actors mapped
#47 in Africa by actors · #7 by quality (of 56)
Median founding year 2024
Top hub cities
  1. 1.Mbabane57
  2. 2.Manzini10
  3. 3.Lobamba2
Mbabane + Manzini = 94 % of actors
329
OSE quality score
world average 211
27 % with funding · 7 % with hosting
L1 · Technical
192
L2 · Cognitive
380
L3 · Relational
401
L4 · Symbolic
416
L5 · Psychological
254

The urban modules matter more than the national envelope: 68.4 % of composition variance sits within countries (COTEE, H4). Live from Expert · pipeline 17 Aug 2026.

The science in the report

How Eswatini is read — COTEE, meta-organization, gender, AEEI

A country report does not add up a score. It reads the ecosystem as a cultivated order: the soil (rule enforcement) conditions what the seed (actors present) and the gardener (built support) can produce — then measures the meta-organization, gender inclusion and the AEEI pillars on the same grid.

COTEE profile

Soil · seed · gardener

Enforcement -0.69 (rules weakly applied); built support 52 %, base endowment 38 %; 38 % of actors created by the State or donors; 2 urban modules on 65 actors. Expected creation 1.3 → 6.4 new firms per 1,000 adults if rules were enforced: the soil, not the seed, is the binding constraint.

Meta-organization

Architecture × substance

Coverage CI 100 % (world 100 %); functional differentiation FDI 0.91 (world 0.87); service redundancy SRI 3.61 (world 2.01); VRIO coverage 0.33 (world 0.21); effectiveness EES 0.72 (world 0.72); network density —. The report then applies the readings — resilience-adjusted redundancy, governance vs endowment, form vs substance, three-mechanism index — to Eswatini.

Gender

Aligned Gender Index × supply

AGI 45/100 (economic 47, social —, representation 43), rank 30 / 53 in Africa and 126 / 176 globally; 1 women-focused structures out of 71 actors (14.1 ‰). Read next to the continental picture: mean 49, social dimension weakest (19/100), economic strongest (64/100).

AEEI × Stam's elements

Composite, pillars, COTEE re-reading

Composite —, rank not ranked. Strengths: formal institutions (0.55), physical infrastructure (0.54), culture (0.40). Weaknesses: talent & knowledge (0.00, −0.32 vs mean), finance (0.08). Each pillar is sorted into Soil, Seed, Gardener or Environment and read conditionally on enforcement.

The cultivation plane — predicted venture creation by regimeFour quadrants crossing rule enforcement and support apparatus. Predicted new firms per 1,000 working-age adults: apparatus builders 1.3 under weak rules and 6.4 under enforced rules; endowment-based ecosystems 1.5 and 4.0.Overlay riskApparatus builder · Rules weak1.3new firms / 1,000 adultsCultivated orderApparatus builder · Rules enforced6.4new firms / 1,000 adultsDormant endowmentEndowment-based · Rules weak1.5new firms / 1,000 adultsEndowed orderEndowment-based · Rules enforced4.0new firms / 1,000 adultsGardener · support apparatusbuilderendowmentSoil · rule enforcement (WGI 2023)weak →→ enforced
Predicted creation per 1,000 working-age adults. The apparatus only pays where rules bind: 1.3 → 6.4 for apparatus builders, 1.5 → 4.0 for endowment-based ecosystems. Source: COTEE, replicated on the OSE base (111 countries, WGI 2023 + World Bank outcomes).
AEEI · Africa Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index

The 10 elements of Stam, measured

Eswatini scored on the ten entrepreneurial-ecosystem elements (Stam & van de Ven, 2021), grouped into 7 pillars and re-read through the COTEE framework on Expert.

AEEI profile
—
Rank / 30 Africa
—
Composite score / 7
—
Tier
SoilFormal institutions
0.55 (+1)
SoilEntrepreneurship culture
0.40 (+12)
SeedFinance
0.08 (-4)
SeedTalent & knowledge
0.00 (-32)
GardenerNetworks & services
0.20 (+5)
EnvironmentPhysical infrastructure
0.54 (+18)
EnvironmentDemand
0.14 (-1)
New on OSE Expert

See these elements re-read through COTEE

On Expert, the AEEI elements are sorted into COTEE layers — Soil (rules), Seed (contents), Gardener (apparatus) — and read conditionally: contents only pay off where rules bind.

See Eswatini in Expert

Source: AEEI — Africa Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index (africa.ecosystem.build), 2026. Framework: the ten elements of Stam & van de Ven (2021). Delta = points vs Africa average.

Custom scope

Eswatini report — available on demand

No published Eswatini report yet, but its ecosystem is mapped at baseline level. Tell us what you need — full diagnostic, module deep-dive, comparative study — and we scope it together.

What's inside

What a Eswatini report would contain

The same twelve sections for every country, computed on the latest requalified data.

Executive summary
Key findings and five strategic recommendations
COTEE profile
Eswatini: enforcement regime, built support vs endowment, urban modules, predicted creation
Meta-organization measures
CI, FDI, turnover, density, VRIO, SRI, EES and the Architecture × Substance readings
Gender
Aligned Gender Index (economic, social, representation) × women-focused supply
AEEI × Stam's elements
Composite, rank, 7 pillars vs Africa average, re-read through COTEE
Network analysis
Communities, centralities, co-occurrence, robustness
Ecosystem map
All actors plotted with sub-roles and connections
Layers & boosts
Profile on 5 layers and 14 boosts — never summed
Comparative benchmark
vs continent and income tier
Longitudinal trends
10+ years of evolution by layer
Gap analysis
Critical gaps with priority levels
Methodology annex
Peer-reviewed framework, sources, data quality

See Eswatini live on Expert

Beyond the static report: live diagnostics, network analyses, the COTEE reading and the AEEI snapshot — free atlas, Institutional and Premium tiers.

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The OSE Galaxy

One mission, three levers: build the science and practice of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Africa.

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